What is counselling and what are counselling skills, how do they Essay

What is counselling and what are counselling skills, how do they relate to other approaches to helping - Essay Example Counseling is often carried out personally in non-public sessions between the counselor and clients. However, counseling can also be performed via telephone, writings and e-mail or video conferencing. It may take many different forms to bring an individual to a better understanding of himself and others. Thus, counseling can be advantageous to a person facing problems in maintaining relationships (What is counseling? N.d.). Counselors require talent for understanding the conditions of the clients and their problems (Nelson-Jones, 2005).In this paper I intend to discuss the different approaches of counseling incorporating the ethical framework, the principles of Rogerian Person Centred Approach, personal growth and therapeutic change. Humanistic approach to psychology was founded by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow in the U.S. during 1950s. Humanistic psychology focuses on the subjects that are meaningful to human beings. Humanistic psychologists lay emphasis on conscious experience rather than on behaviour or personal responsibility. That is why they differ from most of the psychologists. Humanistic psychology also focuses on the importance of the individual’s attempt towards personal growth and achievement (Humanistic Psychology: Maslow, n.d). Humanist approach of psychology interprets an individual in regard to subjective analysis of previous experience. It assumes we have a deep-rooted biological drive that inspires us towards personal development and the active psychological condition of self-actualization. It provides stress on the importance of ‘self’ and how self influences an individuals thoughts, feelings, and behaviour. The self is our personality. Rogers extended Maslow’s hypo thesis of self-actualization into the field of humanistic person-centred psychoanalysis with his emphasis on understanding, actual positive regard and authenticity. Building these conditions for development in therapy enables an environment that helps

FINANCE STRATEGY- EXAM REVISION QUESTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FINANCE STRATEGY- EXAM REVISION QUESTION - Essay Example This means that the repayment of the principal exceeds one year. The following are types of long-term debt Bonds – negotiable instruments that can be bought and sold like common stock, usually at units of $1,000 which is called its face or par value. It has a specified interest rate called coupon rate. Interest payments are usually paid at the end of each interest period, while the principal is paid at maturity. Debentures – This is a bond the only collateral of which is â€Å"the full faith and credit† of the company. The loan is made only on the basis of the creditworthiness and credit rating of the debtor. Debentures are thus a form of unsecured credit and command a higher interest rate because of the higher risk. Mortgage Bonds – This is also a bond like the debenture, but it is secured by a specific collateral, usually a piece of real property. Mortgage bond lenders are thus secured lenders. Because of the security, interest rates are usually lower than debentures. Convertible Bonds – A type of debenture that may be converted to a share of stock at a later date. This special feature allows for a relatively lower interest rate, because of the lower risk of default (the lender may elect to convert to common stock) i. Stock – An instrument that signifies an ownership position (the stock holder owns a portion of the company). A stockholder is entitle to rights of ownership of a business, such as the right to receive a portion of the profits, and the right to vote for the company’s board of directors, or for certain issues in the governance of the company. i. Efficient market hypothesis – Theory of Eugene Fama formulated in the sixties. It states that the prices of stocks in the stock markets have taken all relevant information into consideration already – that is, prices discount all information – so that it is impossible to beat the market by trying to buy stocks at undervalued levels. Stock