My Brothers Departure free essay sample

Before my brother and I split apart, we were in the same school. At times, I would brag to my friends that I have a bigger brother in the hight school area. Sometimes, my friends were jealous of that and ask more about my brother. Others well, they had a bigger brother and they would sometimes ask me â€Å"Is your brother really as good as you say he is†. I would reply â€Å"Not really, but it does make me look cool doesn’t it†. As I was proud of my brother at school, he was really annoying and would never give me what I wanted. I hated him at home. I was stuck with him for the first 10 years of my life. He would fight with me, annoy me, and many other very disturbing actions. He would never let me watch the TV. Not even on Fridays, which was the time when my favorite cartoons were playing. We will write a custom essay sample on My Brothers Departure or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He wouldn’t even let me watch him game. There was this once when I was watching him play something called World Of Warcraft. When I pressed something because I was bored, he was really mad. He carried me up and put me outside the room. Later, I realized I disconnected him from the server and he lost something that took him 3 hours to get. I felt a little sorry for him, but he was my brother, who cares right? When I first learned that my brother was leaving, I was so happy and filled with energy I could run for days without stopping. From then on, I went to school in a better mood and teachers would occasionally ask me why I’m in such a good mood. I told them what I thought. They said I was immature, ignorant, and stupid in ways. At that time, I didn’t even know what some of them meant. Even after I I didn’t feel or think that way until a long time after. After a few months when the actual day came for my brother to leave, I was devastated. I had never felt anything like it. It was the strongest feeling I had ever felt. The feeling is and will always be indescribable with words, it’s one of the things that you have to experience to understand . My feelings for my brother had changed from â€Å"I hate you, get away from me† to â€Å"Why are you leaving? Please don’t go, I’ll be the nicest person in the world, if that’s what it takes†. For all the years he was in university, the more I thought about him, the stronger the emotion felt. When it was the time for my brother to come back for vacation, I felt really happy. But the same thing happened, after a while after he came back, I wished he’d never came back. He turned into the annoying bother I knew when I was a child again. Why is it like this?

Free Essays on Consciousness Ambiguous

Is ‘Consciousness’ Ambiguous? (appears in Journal of Consciousness Studies 8(2), 2001, 19-44) Abstract: It is widely assumed that ‘consciousness’ (and its cognates) is multiply ambiguous within the consciousness literature. Some alleged senses of the term are access consciousness, phenomenal consciousness, state consciousness, creature consciousness, introspective consciousness, self consciousness, to name a few. In the paper I argue for two points. First, there are few if any good reasons for thinking that such alleged senses are genuine: ‘consciousness’ is best viewed as univocal within the literature. The second point is that researchers would do best to avoid the semantics of ‘consciousness’, since resorting to â€Å"semantic ascent† typically serves no clear purpose in the case of consciousness, and confuses matters more than anything else. †¦if we always insisted on precise definitions we all would be speechless almost all the time. Definitions and precise theoretical constructs are the final product, not the starting point of inquiry. - Lawrence Weiskrantz (1988, p. 183) Introduction As anyone acquainted with the consciousness literature well knows, it is common for works on consciousness to contain- usually somewhere near the start- a discussion of the semantics of the word ‘consciousness’ (and its cognates: ‘conscious’, ‘consciously’, etc.). And in spite of there being little widespread agreement among researchers on most matters falling within the domain of consciousness studies, when it comes to ‘consciousness’ it is virtually universally agreed is that the term is multiply ambiguous. The idea, moreover, is not merely that lay people use the term with various meanings, or that they use it differently from how researchers do, or that the term has had different meanings throughout its history. It is that researchers themselves currently use t... Free Essays on Consciousness Ambiguous Free Essays on Consciousness Ambiguous Is ‘Consciousness’ Ambiguous? (appears in Journal of Consciousness Studies 8(2), 2001, 19-44) Abstract: It is widely assumed that ‘consciousness’ (and its cognates) is multiply ambiguous within the consciousness literature. Some alleged senses of the term are access consciousness, phenomenal consciousness, state consciousness, creature consciousness, introspective consciousness, self consciousness, to name a few. In the paper I argue for two points. First, there are few if any good reasons for thinking that such alleged senses are genuine: ‘consciousness’ is best viewed as univocal within the literature. The second point is that researchers would do best to avoid the semantics of ‘consciousness’, since resorting to â€Å"semantic ascent† typically serves no clear purpose in the case of consciousness, and confuses matters more than anything else. †¦if we always insisted on precise definitions we all would be speechless almost all the time. Definitions and precise theoretical constructs are the final product, not the starting point of inquiry. - Lawrence Weiskrantz (1988, p. 183) Introduction As anyone acquainted with the consciousness literature well knows, it is common for works on consciousness to contain- usually somewhere near the start- a discussion of the semantics of the word ‘consciousness’ (and its cognates: ‘conscious’, ‘consciously’, etc.). And in spite of there being little widespread agreement among researchers on most matters falling within the domain of consciousness studies, when it comes to ‘consciousness’ it is virtually universally agreed is that the term is multiply ambiguous. The idea, moreover, is not merely that lay people use the term with various meanings, or that they use it differently from how researchers do, or that the term has had different meanings throughout its history. It is that researchers themselves currently use t...

Murder Mystery Comedy Plays

Murder Mystery Comedy Plays Audiences love a good gasp induced by a shocking murder mystery. They also cant get enough of laughter induced by wacky characters and slapstick hijinks. Combine both worlds and youve got a popular genre known as the murder mystery comedy. Of course, just because you have all of those ingredients doesnt mean the play will actually be suspenseful, mysterious, or even funny. When youve got a bunch of dead bodies on stage, the comedy is going to get quite dark, so it takes a special sort of playwright to properly entwine the macabre with the moronic. Here are a few murder mystery comedies that get it right! The Musical Comedy Murders of 1940 Written by John Bishop, this farcical whodunnit does not take a Sherlock Holmes to reveal the villains. But it does create enough mayhem to leave you guessing about what will happen next. A snowstorm encroaches upon the estate of a wealthy philanthropist, a patron of the arts who has called together a famous songwriting team, an iconic director, a Broadway producer, and a pair of theater wannabes. They think that they are pitching the next musical extravaganza  when, in fact, they have been summoned in order to discover the Stagedoor Slasher, a madman (or madwoman) who killed three chorus girl dancers and just might kill again. Throw in some Nazi spies, cross-dressing psychopaths, and a bumbling police detective, and you have a murder-mystery-comedy with a vintage flair. The Musical Comedy Murders of 1940 is available at Dramatists Play Service. (And for those of you actors who cannot sing and/or dance, dont worry. Theres hardly any music and no choreography except for some hysterical fight sequences). The Bold, the Young, and the Murdered There must be something intrinsically amusing about actors dealing with creepy killers because its a popular theme found in comedic murder mysteries, including this one by Don Zolodis. Heres the brief synopsis provided by the publishers at Playscripts: The long-running soap opera The Bold and the Young is in its last days: its hunky hero has self-esteem issues, its villainous old man is more interested in soup, and its heroines are slightly psychopathic. The executive producer gives the squabbling cast an ultimatum: Complete one episode overnight or the show dies. But when the director ends up murdered, and other cast members start dropping like flies, it seems like his threat might actually come true. Can these misfits discover the murderer before the show is literally killed off? The script lends itself nicely to high school drama students and professional actors alike. Theres something liberating about letting go and pouring on that soap opera cheesiness. Mandate for Murder Pat Cook is the master of melodramatic comedies  and has the ability to crank out silly characters so fast, his computer keyboard must be smoking when hes done. (Tim Kelley woulds be proud!) Most Cook comedies are as funny as the playwright is prolific. Mandate for Murder, brought to you by Eldridge Plays, is no exception. And its a blast for community theaters to perform, especially around election time. When a political aide is stabbed to death and the murder weapon is a knife pulled from a birthday cake, the crime-solving characters have a lot of questions to ask. However, they arent the only ones. The audience gets to interrogate the suspects too, not only that- by the end of the evening, they get to vote in the election! The Murder Room This comedic gem by Jack Sharkey brings back a ton of high school memories. We spent just as much time working on the set, with all of its trap doors and secret entrances, as we did working on the lines. Like other zany mysteries, this one features a wide variety of characters (nearly all of them should be played with English accents). With all of its mix-ups and botched assassinations, by the end of the play the audience isnt sure if anyone has actually been killed off. It also pays homage to Sleuth in that characters who supposedly left the storyline come back into the play wearing a clever disguise. The 39 Steps Imaginatively adapted from a Hitchcock classic, the comic masterpiece The 39 Steps transcends the genre. Audiences rave about the non-stop comedy, the amazingly creative blocking, and the four versatile actors who play over one hundred characters. Directed by Maria Aitken and adapted for the stage by Peter Barlow, this farcical tribute to Hitchcock thrillers has been delighting audiences since 2005.

Precis & Commentary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Precis & Commentary - Essay Example Then he explains by saying that having less secrecy will make it harder for criminals to plot harmful deeds. Later on, he gives examples of groups of people who have been better off once theyve revealed their secrets to society- naming homosexuals and HIV-AIDS sufferers. His view is contrasted to another which claims that "more information, rather than less, is our best protection against misjudgment" (Rosen, 2000, as cited in Austin, 2006). To conclude his article, the author compares the right for secrecy with Santa Claus and unicorns, claiming that it is unreal. He admits, however, that everyone needs their solitude and space, but claims that ignoring both the benefits of not having secrecy as well as the potential risks involved would be the wrong thing to do; that accepting our being flawed and being united by our common information will save us. He says that the term "privacy" has many different interpretations to other people and groups of people, as the media has a very different notion of it than the common citizen. He quotes people who have said that some masquerade as reformers, while actually taking care of their own interests and that patriotism is used by scoundrels to further their own agendas (2008, p.13). Regardless of his opinion, even presidents have been known to be against secrecy, claiming that "the very word secrecy in a free and open society is repugnant" (Kennedy, as cited in Blumner, 2005). In spite of this, Ackland may have a point. It is well known that the federal government of the United States "has a massive amount of secrets", which is estimated in the millions each year ("Government Secrecy", 2005). And there is no shortage of opponents of this secrecy: "we live in an open society where secrecy should be banished from the workings of the government" (Hamilton, 2006). The reason for that is that "we enjoy a free and open

Potential Impacts of Terrorists Aattacks Term Paper - 1

Potential Impacts of Terrorists Aattacks - Term Paper Example The researcher states that the terrorist attack on September 11 has caused enormous devastation to the society. Nevertheless, the administration had taken serious actions to avert such terror campaign performances but it did not handle to put off the terrorist assault. The management did not have retort systems to aware people of the assault. This was quite difficult for the society to avert the attack. The attack of September 11 strained the government to build up ways to put off terrorism actions like cultural profiling and enrichment of safety measures. Communities have opted to oppose terrorism initiatives to avoid the coming terrorism attacks. The community counter terrorism proposal focussed in avoiding any terrorist assault in the society. Terrorist proceedings have become very familiar in the public like bombing. Terrorists have regularly bombed many constructions leading to deaths. The counter-terrorism plan will assist to stop the bombing of many buildings in the district. The programme stated the methods to be used to oppose the terrorist harassment. The attacks of terrorism have unfavourable effects on humanity and on the nation itself. Such attacks lead to have psychological, behavioural, and neurobiological shock to the civilization. Moreover, such terrorist attacks root to have cognitive effects on the community. It also influenced elderly and disabled people. Vivid research has been done to establish the shock of terrorism on kids, aged people and other people in the community. Researchers disagreed that terrorism like other tragedies has caused gloominess among the victims and their families. The sufferers suffer out of huge losses as a result it becomes very difficult for them to come out of the loss and pain and to live again a normal healthy livelihood.

Mongol Empire Essay Example for Free

Mongol Empire Essay FCAs: 1. The paper must include at least 4 paragraphs. Each paragraph should be at least 4-6 sentences long and have an introductory and concluding sentence. The introductory paragraph should provide a hook for the reader, your definition of the word barbaric, the question posed by the DBQ, and your thesis (your answer to the question) (25 points). 2. Paragraph 2 and 3 should use at least 4 documents (with proper citation) to support your thesis. Four specific examples should be given-one from each document, and you should explain how these examples support your claim. (100 points/ 25 points for each document). 3. The paper must include a concluding paragraph in which you briefly summarize your evidence, reiterate your answer to the thesis, and make a connection to another topic from history, how this topic relates to today, or anything we have covered in class (25 points). The Mongols: How Barbaric are the Barbarians? Who are the Mongols really? The Mongols had an empire that existed during the 13th and 14th centuries AD, and was the largest continuous land empire in human history lead by a great ruler called Genghis Khan. For centuries they have been remembered as a brutal tribe of nomadic barbarians who were a serious threat to people and civilization throughout Asia and Europe, so how barbaric are the barbarians exactly? What does barbaric mean anyways? Barbaric is to be savagely cruel and extremely brutal or primitive and unsophisticated. The barbarians are some what barbaric. The barbarians have codes of conduct, prisoner dummies, religious tolerance, and cutting heads off. In Rashid ad-Din’s Collected Chronicles (Document 10); he talks about how the Mongols were hospital. In it, it says â€Å"when a husband goes hunting or to war, his wife must maintain the house hold, so that the messenger or guest who dismounts there finds all in order and the wife is able to provide him with good food and anything else he may require.† This shows that the Mongols are not barbaric because the make sure that the house is suitable for guest; however, in John of Plano Carpini’s History of the Mongols (Document 3), he talks about how the Mongols â€Å"send a detachment of captives and men of other nationalities who are fighting with them to meet the enemy head-on, and some of the tarts (Mongols) may perhaps accompany them.† They are barbaric because the used the lives of others as dummies in a battle. They do not care if the prisoners that they are using as dummies have families or not. At some points the Mongols are barbaric when it come to p rotecting them selves or trying to conquer land, but they also try to be hospital. In William of Rubruck’s the Journey of William of Rubruk (Document 9), he talks about how Mongke Khan was religious tolerance. In it, it says â€Å"he therefore wishes you all to meet together and hold a conference and each one is to write down what he says so that he can know the truth.† The Mongols are not barbaric because Mongke Khan wanted to learn about different religious so that he could convert to one; however, in Ata- Malike Juvani’s Genghis Khan (Document 4), he talks about the punishment that the Mongols did. He says that the Mongols â€Å"severed the heads of the slain from their bodies and heaped them up in piles, keeping those of the men separated from those of the women and children.† The Mongols are barbaric because they would cut off the heads off people that were already dead. They did not have any respect for the dead what so ever. The Mongols wanted to learn about religion on how it works and which religion is true, but they were too cr uel on their victims and threw the bodies into piles based on their gender. In documents 10, 3, 9, and 4 talks about reasons how barbaric or not barbaric the Mongols were. I believe that the Mongols are somewhat barbaric. In the age of the Nazi, the Nazi things called concentration camps. In the concentration camps, they would have gas chambers where lots of Jews were killed at once. The thing that people do not realize in the concentration camps they also allowed the Jews to eat and bathe. Why would someone who wanted to kill the Jews allow them to eat and bathe: Remorse or humanity? The Nazi were not all cruel and hard hearted as made out to be. This relates back to the Mongols because they are believed to have all cruel methods this may be true, but they also have kind hearts.

no sugar :: essays research papers

Throughout Australian history a racist attitude towards Aboriginals has been a significant issue. From the moment the early settlers arrived on our shores and colonised, the Aboriginals have been fighting for the survival of their culture. The Aboriginals haven been take in and dominated to bring them in line with an idealistic European society. These themes have been put forward by Jack Davis in his stage play, No Sugar, the story of an Aboriginal family’s fight for survival during the Great Depression years. Admittedly Davis utilises his characters to confront the audience and take them out of their comfort zone, showing them the reality of Aboriginal treatment. This is an element of the marginalisation that Jack Davis uses through out the play this starts from the beginning where he discomforts the audience by using an open stage. One character that Davis uses through out the play is A.O. Neville, Davis uses him to portray the issue of power, this is a very important issue that is carried through out the play. Through out the play aboriginals are marginalised they are told where to go what to do and how to go about life. The play was staged on a perambulate model, meaning that the action of the play shifts between many locations. There is the town of Northam with the Police Station and two Cells, the Main Street and the Government Well Aboriginal Reserve. Then there is The Moore River Native Settlement with the Superintendent’s office, the Millimurra family’s tent and the Aboriginal camp at Long Pool. There is also the Chief Protectors Office and the Western Australian Historical Society in Perth and an area by the railway line. This allows for marginalisation between the audience and the play. This can be perceived as some what payback by Jack Davis for the marginalisation that the Europeans forced upon the aboriginals. Contrasting dialogue is also found within the play’s Aboriginal cast. It is not uncommon for a character to begin a sentence in English, only to lead in to Nyoongah words as they proceed: GRAN: I’m warrah, gnuny tjenna minditj, and I got no gnummarri. (Act Two Scene Two) This provokes a reaction from white audiences where we rely on hand gesture to comprehend the play, while also begging the question as to why they speak in such a way. Language is used as a symbol for their culture, a culture that is split between white and blacks; this is just one more tactics that Jack Davis uses to marginalise.

Pro Death Penalty Essay

The death penalty should be kept as a punishment in our court systems. It should be kept because it helps crime rates drop, helps give closure, serves justice, and more. Even though it gives a great outcome to the system there are people who argue against it. People against say that capital punishment is not rite, innocent people get killed, and its cruel and unusual punishment; yet none of those facts are proven, in fact, there is prove against them. Ultimately the death penalty helps society feel better and be a better place. The death penalty prevents more murders in society by causing one that is deserved. This is because people get scared of giving up everything for nothing. They think twice before they take a life because they can be punished by getting their life taken. The death penalty stops most people from killing others over stupid things like money, arguments, etc. Most of the people that do commit murders either don’t care about there life, didn’t mean to, or have some kind of anger or psychiatric problem like being psychotic, schizophrenic, bipolar and more. Many people tried to prove that the death penalty prevented murders, but there attempts were inconclusive. In 1973 Isaac Ehlrich engaged in an analysis which results showed that for every criminal executed 7 lives were saved (MSU); only because people were scared of the death penalty and didn’t want to take a chance with there life. The many people that appose the death penalty say that the death penalty doesn’ t prevent murders, but causes them. Like criminologist William Bowers of Northeastern University says â€Å"Society is hurt by the use of the death penalty, this ups the likelihood of more murder.† (MSU) I think that this is an insane idea. Even if society was brutalized by the use of the death penalty, why would they ever even think of committing more murders. The more murders that they commit the more the state would have to sentence the death penalty thus making what they were brutalized by even worse. What about all the criminals in our prisons that are serving life sentences. Life imprisonment is the worst punishment next to the death penalty and without that there is nothing left to punish the inmates with. If the inmate knows that it can’t get worse than that they could kill guard and do whatever they wanted. When there is a punishment of death the inmates have to think that they are in jail and it’s not a nice place there but at least they are alive. Murder is very severe crime and can not be handled lightly. As stated by MSU when someone kills somebody they must be punished equally; as they should be for any other crime. This can be related to the saying an eye for an eye of course we don’t take it to as great extent as they did before. If a teenager steels something like a CD they will get a certain amount of community service. This is basically being forced to do volunteer work to pay back for what you would have stolen and extra hours as a punishment. In an act of murder the victim’s family gets extremely traumatized. The damage caused can never be fixed. If the victim was say caught in a crossfire some family members might be scared to go outside. They could have nightmares and much more can happen. If the murderer is put to justice and executed at least they will have some kind of closure and know that the murderer is not able to commit any more murders. New Media Mill states that only good has happened since the government reinstated the death penalty after the court case Gregg vs. Georgia (1976). Ever since it was reinstated murder rates have dropped in almost all the states from 30% to 65%. Today, about 70% of America is for the death penalty even though there are a few problems just as there is in any other system. The main problem is executing and innocent person. According to MSU there is no proof of any innocent person getting executed. It would be extremely hard to happen because of all the safeguards and appeals added in the 1970’s. Even if an innocent has been executed it is very rare. It wouldn’t be rite to try an stop the death penalty because of some unproven fact, that’s like saying there are innocent people in prison so abolish prison. There is no way you can be 100% sure which inmates are innocent and which ones are not, and you can’t re-investigate all there cases because that would take too much man power and time. The people that do get out of death row normally get out because of legal technicalities. If someone can be proven innocent the governor will grant them clemency. The other claims are usually just delaying tactics (MSU). This is way the court has the appeal system which allows the inmate to postpone the execution. According to statistics on New Media Mill it is more likely to take a guilty man off death row and put him in a normal prison for life than it is to execute an innocent man. People say that the death penalty is cruel and unusual punishment if anything the system goes way too easy on the death row inmates. Some murderers kill people in the most brutal, disgusting, and unimaginable ways and they are executed by lethal injection. They get to die in there sleep without any pain or suffering. They die the way everyone wishes they die. In my eyes, that’s not considered a punishment comparing it to how some inmates have killed people. For example Michele Ross got the death penalty and was killed by painless lethal injection after raping and killing eight women. The people put on death row should be killed in a harsher way. According to MSU government isn’t giving cruel and unusual punishment by lethal injection, people should be happy that they are nice enough to execute the inmates so peacefully. I could understand people seeing it as cruel and unusual if the government banned lethal injection and left the inmates with a choice of the other four methods for execution which are hanging, gas chamber, firing squad, and electrocution which cause pain (MSU). When hanging the person drops with the noose around his neck so that it snaps his neck. Instant death doesn’t always happen so the person sometimes suffocates. Using the gas chamber they sit the person in a chair and fill the room until he chokes from the lethal gas. The firing squad gives a shot to the heart and kills the person in a few seconds or if the heart is missed the person bleeds to death. When being electrocuted the person is tied to a chair while they put 2000 volts of electricity through them. During lethal injection the person is put to sleep then paralyzed then given a liquid witch stops all function in the body. As you see execution can’t get much better than lethal injection. Cruel and unusual is when Ronell Wilson shot and killed detectives James Nemorin and Rodney Andrews in 2003 (Google News). Hopefully you know realize that the death penalty should be kept as a punishment in our court systems. It has helped crime rates in almost every state drop, it has given closure to many families, it has served justice, and more. There will always be people coming up with reasons why the death penalty should be stopped. Reasons like cruel and unusual punishment, that it hurts society, and more but in the end it is the main thing that stops people from going out of control and makes society a better place. Work Cited Google News. The Death Penalty. 2006. 11/25/06. http://news.google.com/news?q=for+the+death+penaltyMichigan State University. The Death Penalty. 2006. 11/21/06. http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.msu.eduNew Media Mill. DPIC. 2006. 11/20/06. http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org

Is Recycling Worth the Effort in the 21st Century?

Is Recycling worth the Effort in the 21st Century? Is recycling worth the effort in the 21st century and what is recycling? The definition of recycle given by dictionary is â€Å"to pass again through a series of changes or treatments ; to process (as liquid body waste, glass, or cans) in order to regain material for human use ; to reuse or make (a substance) available for reuse for biological activities through natural processes of biochemical degradation or modification†. Recycling has been around for thousands of years. Not only do people recycle but nature has been recycling plants, trees, insects and creatures for as long as there has been nature. We recycle mostly because it is the smart thing to do for our earth but it also helps save energy, creates jobs and reduces many of our problems with litter and trash. In 1031 Japan was the first country recorded to use waste paper for making new paper. In 1776 America declared its independence from England and they advertised for scrap metals like iron kettles and pots to melt down for their weapons. In 1865 The Salvation Army started in England and they start collecting and recycling unwanted goods of all kinds and they give jobs to the poor and uneducated and then it comes to the United States in the 1890’s. In 1904 the first aluminum can recycling plant opens in Chicago and in Cleveland Ohio and the all aluminum can is introduced in 1964. The value of the aluminum can starts a huge recycling system and for redeeming the used beverage containers. Landfills came about in the 1940's and 1950's when these huge areas became available and they were very popular because of the it was to easy to toss unused products away. No one knew at that time how they would grow and multiply to how they are today. In 1965 the Solid Waste Disposal Act is passed by Congress which recognizes trash as a national issue and to develop programs to state and local governments with disposal programs. In the 1970’s the fist national Earth Day is held on April 22, 1970 and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency is created to response to the public’s concern for the environment and waste disposal. In the early 70’s the PET plastic bottle is also introduced and starts replacing many glass bottles but recycling for PET plastic bottles does not start until 1977. It is not until the late 80’s that Rhode Island is the first state to pass a mandatory recycling law for aluminum and tin cans, glass, plastic bottles and newspapers where residents and businesses must separate these items from the regular trash and recycle. As stated by the White House Task Force on Recycling in 1998; Recycling is everybody’s business. From industry to government, from schools to our very own households, America’s commitment to recycling has helped keep our communities clean and our economy strong. Federal agencies are further reducing waste generation, increasing recycling, and increasing purchases of recycled products. Working together, there is even more we can do. Today, we challenge every American to step forward, take action, and contribute to this important national effort. By bringing new partners to the recycling efforts of businesses and families across the nation, we will better protect our natural resources, improve our quality of life, and strengthen our economy. So is recycling worth it? Michael Shapiro, director of U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Office of Solid Waste states â€Å"A well-run curbside recycling program can cost anywhere from $50 to more than $150 per ton†¦trash collection and disposal programs, on the other hand, cost anywhere from $70 to more than $200 per ton. This demonstrates that, while there’s still room for improvements, recycling can be cost-effective. † Many people still say it costs more than it is worth. John Tierney wrote in the New York Times Magazine that Recycling is Garbage and stated â€Å"Mandatory recycling programs offer mainly short-term benefits to a few groups — politicians, public relations consultants, environmental organizations and waste handling corporations — while diverting money from genuine social and environmental problems. Recycling may be the most wasteful activity in modern America†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Controversy over the benefits of recycling bubbled up in 1996 when columnist John Tierney posited in a New York Times Magazine article that â€Å"recycling is garbage. † http://environment. about. com/od/recycling/a/benefit_vs_cost. htm Officials in some cities claim that curbside recycling programs are cheaper than burying the garbage in a landfill, which can be true in places where the landfill fees are high and the collection costs aren't as exorbitant as in New York. But officials who claim that recycling programs save money often don't fully account for the costs. A lot of programs, especially in the early years, have used funny-money economics to justify recycling,† says Chaz Miller, a contributing editor for Recycling Times, a trade newspaper. â€Å"There's been a messianic zeal that's hurt the cause. The American public loves recycling, but we have to do it efficiently. It should be a business, not a religion. † Recycling programs didn't fare well in a Fed erally financed study conducted by the the Solid Waste Association of North America, a trade association for municipal waste-management officials. The study painstakingly analyzed costs in six communities (Minneapolis; Palm Beach, Fla. Seattle; Scottsdale, Ariz; Sevierville, Tenn. , and Springfield, Mass. ). It found that all but one of the curbside recycling programs, and all the composting operations and waste-to-energy incinerators, increased the cost of waste disposal. (The exception was Seattle's curbside program, which was slightly cheaper — by one-tenth of 1 percent — than putting the garbage in a landfill. ) Studies in European cities have reached similar conclusions. Recycling has been notoriously unprofitable in Germany, whose national program is even less efficient than New York's. We have to recognize that recycling costs money,† says William Franklin, an engineer who has conducted a national study of recycling costs for the not-for-profit group Keep America Beautiful. He estimates that, at today's prices, a curbside recycling program typically adds 15 percent to the costs of waste disposal — and more if communities get too ambitious. Franklin and other researchers have concluded that recycling does at least save energy — the extra fuel burned while picking up recyclables is more than offset by the energy savings from manufacturing less virgin paper, glass and metal. The net result of recycling is lower energy consumption and lower releases of air and water pollutants,† says Richard Denison, a senior scientist at the Environmental Defense Fund, which has calculated the ecological benefits of recycling http://www. nytimes. com/1996/06/30/magazine/recycling-is-garbage. html? pagewanted=7 ————————- When the research firm Franklin Associates examined the issue a decade ago, it found that the value of the materials recovered from curbside recycling was far le ss than the extra costs of collection, transportation, sorting and processing incurred by municipalities. Recycling Often Costs More Than Sending Waste to Landfills Plain and simple, recycling still costs more than landfilling in most locales. This fact, coupled with the revelation that the so-called â€Å"landfill crisis† of the mid-1990s may have been overblown—most of our landfills still have considerable capacity and do not pose health hazards to surrounding communities—means that recycling has not caught on the way some environmentalists were hoping it would. Education, Logistics and Marketing Strategies Can Lower Recycling Costs However, many cities have found ways to recycle economically. They have cut costs by scaling back the frequency of curbside pickups and automating sorting and processing. They’ve also found larger, more lucrative markets for the recyclables, such as developing countries eager to reuse our cast-off items. Increased efforts by green groups to educate the public about the benefits of recycling have also helped. Today, dozens of U. S. cities are diverting upwards of 30 percent of their solid waste streams to recycling. http://environment. about. com/od/recycling/a/must_recycle. htm Recycling Statistics / United States 2 million tons of materials are recycled in the United States.? 53. 4 % of all paper products are being recycled.? There is about 100% increase in the total recycling in the United States during the past decade.? Each person produces 4. 6 lbs. of trash per day in the United States.? In 2005, roughly 8,550 curbside recycling programs existed throughout the United States. 8,875 programs existed in 2003.? United States recycles ab out 32% of its waste today.? An average American produced 800 kilograms of rubbish in the year 2005, compared to only 577 kilograms per person in Western Europe. ttp://www. benefits-of-recycling. com/recyclingstatistics. html http://www. epa. gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/msw2008rpt. pdf http://www. epa. gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/msw2008rpt. pdf http://www. epa. gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/msw2008rpt. pdf Cost Benefit Analysis: http://www. mfe. govt. nz/publications/waste/recycling-cost-benefit-analysis-apr07/recycling-cost-benefit-analysis-apr07. pdf page 11 http://www. epa. gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/msw2008rpt. pdf Appendix (1)7, Dec. 2010 Bibliography http://www. benefits-of-recycling. com/historyofrecycling. html http://www. benefits-of-recycling. com/recyclingstatistics. html http://www. benefits-of-recycling. com/recyclingprices. htm http://www. epa. gov/osw/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/msw2008rpt. pdf http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/recycling; â€Å"History of Recycling†, California Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Waste Management Board, 1997 ***http://www. epa. gov/osw/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/msw2008rpt. pdf â€Å"Recycling For The Future† , ,

Review of lterature essays

Review of lterature essays Dostoevsky introduces Part I of Notes from Underground. He tell us that in this first portion, the protagonist will introduce himself and explain the causes that led to his appearance before us in this text. He then explains that the subseque nt extract, "Apropos of the Wet Snow," will record the protagonist's own notes. The Underground Man starts off by telling us that he has liver disease, but refuses to go to a doctor out of spite. He realizes that he hurts only himself by doing this, but even so he remains obstinately opposed to seeking proper medical attention. He tells us that he is now forty years old, a former civil servant, rude and bitter. He then immediately retracts his statement, saying he was actually not rude at all. He scoffs at "us," the readers of his Notes, insisting that he does not care what w e think of him. The Underground Man goes on to explain why he became spiteful, saying that only fools go far in this world, and intelligent men like himself face failure inevitably. After assuring us that he is not writing for our amusement, he describes his current mis erable situation. He lives in his "corner," where he has bunkered down since quitting the Civil Service upon receiving a large inheritance from a wealthy relative. He has a gruesome dim room with a maidservant he despises. The St. Petersburg weather ag gravates his health, but he does not careit makes no difference to him whether he stays or goes. Finally, he invites himself to tell us more about himself, as any decent gentlemen likes to do. The Underground Man's spiteful refusal to see a doctor resounds throughout the text. The terms nihilistic and masochistic have often been applied to the Underground Man (heretofore referred to as the "UM"). Nihilism is a repudiation of societal values, and masochism is the deliberate infliction of pain on one ...

Anthony Burgess’ View of the Impact of Wrongful Actions in Humanity as Illustrated In His Book, A Clockwork Orange

Anthony Burgess’ View of the Impact of Wrongful Actions in Humanity as Illustrated In His Book, A Clockwork Orange A Clockwork Orange Anthony Burgess, author of A Clockwork Orange, explains the theme of the necessity of evil in human nature in this novel. The main character, Alex, is despicable because he gives free rein to his violent impulses, but that sense of freedom is also what makes him human. This book was one that I thoroughly enjoyed, even though the language was hard to understand at first. A Clockwork Orange is set in a futuristic dystopia governed by a totalitarian state. Ordinary citizens have fallen into obedient complacency, unaware of the growth of a violent youth. Alex, the protagonist of the story, leads a small gang of criminals (Dim, Pete and Georgie) through the streets, robbing and beating men and raping woman. Alex ends up getting caught in his latest act, breaking into a cottage and beat up the man inside before raping his wife while making him watch, ends up with Alex being taken to prison, where they attempt to brainwash him into being a model citizen. First, I may warn potential readers that this book is not for the squeamish, when the book goes into extreme details about the violent crimes that Alex and his â€Å"droogs† (friends) commit, but the one thing that stuck with me throughout the book was the â€Å"Ludovico† technique, which was set in place by the government to brainwash the criminal into being model citizens. It effectively denies Alex, when it’s used on him, the ability to be a ‘moral agent’ and being able to freely choose between right and wrong. Because of this, Burgess creates the debate of freedom versus enforced obedience and ‘goodness’ as being the best in and for the society. In A Clockwork Orange, Burgess created a dissonant, hyperreal but easily recognisable world. The violence being slapstick and theatrical while also gruesome, and making some readers stomachs churn. The language is also a challenge, but pays off once you come to figure out what means things like ‘friends’ and ‘blood.’ The â€Å"Nadsat† (slang) spoken by the characters does more that confuse the readers at first, but it also draws the readers into Burgess’ world and makes the reader want to figure out what â€Å"droogs,† â€Å"Nadsat,† and â€Å"bezoomny† means (friends, slang, crazy). The language compels the reader to think while reading, having them try to remember what each different word in â€Å"Nadsat† means in English. The way that Alex speaks, both formally and some recurring anticlimax in his voice makes this process seem more sinister and occasionally funny. In this final chapter, Burgess has Alex growing out of his wrongdoings, looking back and regarding it as a little bit sad and embarrassing (the actions of dumb kids) and, as the clichà © goes in books and film alike, determined that his own children won’t make the same mistakes he did at a young age. It’s the redemption, and the stunningly mundane lesson of real life that made Alex grow up and realize all of the mistakes that he made as a teenager. A Clockwork Orange is an amazing book with advanced language, great descriptions and a book that thoroughly explains that theme of the necessity of evil in human nature, with the language, devices used in the text, and through descriptions.

Recent Advances in Mechanical Micromachining Essay

Recent Advances in Mechanical Micromachining - Essay Example There are much considerations to be taken when machining small pieces due to the imperfections per unit volume that are due to the size effect of the work piece and the strain effect that is caused by the size effect during machining of the small pieces of work pieces (Dornfeld & Takeuchi, 2006). An example is energy dissipation that has been neglected or along time in micro machining that resulted to significant subsurface plastic flow to the shear zone under the machined surface. 2. One of the micro geometries created through micromachining is the fabrication of multi level mold inserts for micro molding of a microwave system. This involved combination of micromachining with deep etches X-ray lithography that resulted to creation of micro molds with features in the range of 60Â µm in height and 50Â µm wide. This portrayed the possibility of stacking several mold so high aspect ratio parts (Dornfeld & Takeuchi, 2006). 3. Micro tooling refers to using the correct tools in micromachining. The cutting edge of radius of a crystal sharpened diamond for example is on the order of 10nm and the depth of such a tool is in the submicron range. Micro tools are fabricated by ion beam process. An example is the gallium focused ion beam that generates a number of cutting edges and tool end clearance and machined surface with the same as eh diameter of the tool. The use of wire electric discharge grinding (WEDG) (Dornfeld & Takeuchi, 2006) is also common in tool fabrication. WEDG involves a sacrificial wire that replaces the turning tool in conventional turning. Material is then eroded from the rotating tool with electrical discharges. The sacrificial wire in this case is fed around a reel and takes up system that would prevent discharges from worn out regions and this increases the accuracy of the tool shape (Dornfeld & Takeuchi, 2006). Micro tools are usually made from tungsten wire due to